The Republic of Plato, trans. Allan Bloom, from Book VIII:
“Mustn’t it first be told how the transformation from timarchy to oligarchy takes place?”
“Yes.”
“And really,” I said, “the way it is transformed is plain even to a blind man.”
“How?”
“The treasure house full of gold,” I said, “which each man has, destroys that regime. First they seek out expenditures for themselves and pervert the laws in that direction; they themselves and their wives disobey them.”
“That’s likely,” he said.
“Next, I suppose, one man sees the other and enters into a rivalry with him, and thus they made the multitude like themselves.”
“That’s likely.”
“Well, then,” I said, “from there they progress in money-making, and the more honorable they consider it, the less honorable they consider virtue. Or isn’t virtue in tension with wealth, as though each were lying in the scale of a balance, always inclining in opposite directions?”
“Quite so,” he said.
“Surely, when wealth and the wealthy are honored in a city, virtue and the good men are less honorable.”
“Plainly.”
“Surely, what happens to be honored is practiced, and what is without honor is neglected.”
“That’s so.”
“Instead of men who love victory and honor, they finally become lovers of money-making and money; and they praise and admire the wealthy man and bring him to the ruling offices, while they dishonor the poor man.”
“Certainly.”
📚
John Thorn on the history of baseball’s strike zone.
It is perhaps not an accident, then, that at the same time distraction poses an existential and spiritual threat to the fullness of being human, so many forms of modern religion have become an engine for domesticating the divine. Overly confident in their conception of the divine, for example, public forms of Christianity seem to eviscerate mystery. A God that can be conceptually encompassed and comprehended is invoked to carve up the world into a culture war of “us” vs. “them.”
In the face of such distraction and domestication of the divine, we can hear afresh Karl Rahner’s prescient insight: “The Christian of the future will be a mystic, or will not exist at all.”
My dear mother-in-law, Margaret Hall Collins, is 102 years old today!
And still sharp as a tack, prayerful, attentive to the needs of others. She’s a very special lady.Thomas Pynchon, from liner notes for an album of Spike Jones music (1994):
Nowadays, when everybody knows everything and nobody takes any text seriously, it’s hard to remember how it felt once to share a public world not as contaminated by the terminally wised-up irony that has come to pervade our own lives.
Even more true today.
How ‘Tiny Shortcuts’ Are Poisoning Science:
By itself, failure to replicate does not necessarily indicate, and certainly not prove, scientific fraud. Empirical results can vary for many reasons. However, replication analyses usually show that replicated effect sizes are, on average, systematically smaller and often statistically insignificant. If 90 percent of replications deviate from the original article in one direction that is less favorable to what the authors wanted to demonstrate, then these deviations are not innocent random errors or acts of nature. If the deviations were random, they would cancel each other out, and their mean would be close to zero. Instead, these deviations indicate that many published results were likely tweaked, manipulated, or fabricated.
Tweaking is potentially more damaging to science in the long run than data manipulation and fabrication. That might be hard to believe, since tweaked empirical results are likely to have smaller effects on the fabric of science than cases of data fabrication and manipulation. But the cumulative effect of tweaking can still be larger than that of data fabrication and manipulation because these strategies are rare, whereas tweaking is common.
I wrote about my two essays in the new issue of the Hedgehog Review, both of which are about human obligations.
I do not need these books. I do not need these books. I do not need these books.
